Leukemia – Causes & Risk Factors
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells. Understanding its causes and risk factors can help in early detection and prevention.
What is Leukemia?
Leukemia occurs when the bone marrow produces excessive abnormal white blood cells, interfering with the body’s ability to fight infections and produce healthy blood cells. It is classified into four main types:
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
Causes of Leukemia
The exact cause of leukemia is unknown, but it is linked to genetic mutations in blood cells. These mutations cause cells to grow uncontrollably, leading to cancer. Some possible triggers include:
1. Genetic Mutations
- Changes in DNA can cause abnormal cell growth.
- Some inherited conditions, like Down syndrome, increase leukemia risk.
2. Exposure to Radiation & Chemicals
- High radiation exposure (e.g., nuclear accidents) increases risk.
- Chemicals like benzene (found in gasoline and industrial solvents) are linked to leukemia.
3. Previous Cancer Treatments
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Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for other cancers may lead to secondary leukemia.
Risk Factors for Leukemia
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing leukemia:
1. Age
- Children are more prone to ALL.
- Adults over 55 have a higher risk of CLL and AML.
2. Family History
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Having a close relative with leukemia increases risk.
3. Smoking & Alcohol
- Smoking contains harmful chemicals that may contribute to AML.
- Excessive alcohol weakens immunity, increasing cancer risk.
4. Blood Disorders
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Conditions like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can progress to leukemia.
5. Viral Infections
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Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1) is linked to rare leukemia types.
Prevention & Early Detection
While not all cases are preventable, reducing risk factors can help:
✔ Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals like benzene.
✔ Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
✔ Maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine.
✔ Regular check-ups for those with a family history of leukemia.
Early diagnosis improves treatment success. If you experience symptoms like fatigue, frequent infections, or unexplained bruising, consult a specialist.
Expert Leukemia Treatment in Pune – Dr. Chandrakant Lahane
For accurate diagnosis and advanced leukemia treatment, consult Dr. Chandrakant Lahane, a renowned hematologist in Pune. With years of experience in blood disorders and cancers, he provides personalized care using the latest medical advancements.
Leukemia’s causes and risk factors vary, but awareness can aid in early detection and better outcomes. If you or a loved one shows symptoms, seek expert advice from Dr. Chandrakant Lahane.